TOK Essay Topics - Preparing For Your TOK Essay Topics

TOK Essay Topics - Preparing For Your TOK Essay TopicsTo prepare for your TOK essay topics, you need to set aside some time and think about how you are going to look at the different schools and the faculty at each institution. You also need to think about the types of courses that you would be taking. Each essay topic can be very different and you must be able to think of a few ways that you can apply to your career. And if you want to go the extra mile and include the fact that you are taking an advanced degree in education, you are going to have to think of a few options to make sure that you are getting the information you need.In order to get started, you need to consider your experience and how you would be applying your previous experiences to your TOK essay topics. This can be especially true if you have already worked in a school setting and can use that experience to show that you are equipped to take on a higher level of education.But you also need to consider if the schoo ls are going to be offering you something to really help you out when it comes to getting prepared for your TOK essay topics. This is going to be the first thing that you need to think about because if they are not, you need to be able to find out what that is going to be. You should also be looking at the requirements and the educational programs that the institution has to offer. Of course, you are going to want to find out what they offer and how you can better fit into it.So in order to think about what your options are, you are going to want to do some in-depth reading and get your facts and figures straight. This is going to help you figure out the qualifications that the school has for you to get into their institution. You are also going to want to find out what their admissions requirements are and how you can better fit into their educational programs.Of course, the way that you are going to have to prepare for your TOK essay topics is to think about the school admissions requirements. Since this is going to be a separate essay, you are going to have to find out what they are and why they are being considered. You are also going to have to think about the required coursework and the average class size. These are some of the things that you will want to look at and figure out.You are also going to want to figure out whether or not the program in your previous year work is going to be used and what you need to put in your list of accomplishments. These are going to be the things that you will need to consider in order to look at your strengths and weaknesses.So the first thing that you are going to need to do is think about the TOK essay topics that you are going to be writing. You are going to want to start with your four-year academic degree. Then you are going to need to get into the school's mission statement and why they are the way that they are. After that, you will have to fill in your other accomplishments that you have as well as the qualific ations that the institution is looking for.

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The Salem Witch Trials Essay - 1725 Words

By the end of the 17th century one of the most devastating proceedings in American History took place. The Salem witch trials was one of the most catastrophic events worldwide in which people were accused, hanged, or sent to jail. During this time there was also a lot of chaos going on in Salem when some girls started accusing innocent people of being witches and being responsible for all the trouble that was going on the town. Even though not all those individuals were sentenced to death, there were still three causes or theories of why the Salem witch trials might have occurred and caused all these mess. Some of those reasons included that the girls could have been ergot poison, that they were bored because of the type of lifestyle that they had to live in, and because there was a sort of rivalry (jealousy) of land. After escaping from England because of religious persecution and settling in the United States (Salem, Massachusetts), the worst part was about to begin. When the puritans were settled in the new world, the theory that there could be witches was spread throughout the town. The most accused were the women because supposedly they were more vulnerable than men. For instance, the author declares, â€Å"Ministers preached repeatedly about the inferiority of women, using the biblical tale of Adam and Eve as evidence. Women according to the sermons, had inherited Eve’s original sin- she was tempted to eat the forbidden fruit of knowledge- and could not beShow MoreRelated salem witch trial Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagessalem witch trial This is about witchcraft and is started like this: In the winter of 1691-92, several people in Salem Village, most of them young women, but eventually including a few men and boys, began behaving in a strange unusual manner†, with an affect which was interpreted as illness. The towns minister, Samuel Parris, whose daughter and niece were among those with this odd affect, sought to cure the perceived problem with prayer; others, including a doctor of physic who was calledRead MoreSalem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officialsRead MoreEssay about Salem witch trials1931 Words   |  8 Pages Salem Witch Trials: Casting a spell on the people Today, the idea of seeing a witch is almost inconsequential. Our Halloween holiday marks a celebration in which many will adorn themselves with pointy black hats and long stringy hair, and most will embrace them as comical and festive. Even the contemporary witchcraft religious groups forming are being accepted with less criticism. More recently, the Blair Witch movie craze has brought more fascination than fear to these dark and magical figuresRead MoreEssay on The Theories of the Salem Witch Trials1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch trials and what caused them is very debatable. Some theories lead to Rye poisoning from bread to even people faking it. The most believable claim is that people were faking it. Everyone had a motive and they all just wanted to save themselves. It was a time when people were selfish and only cared for themselves. This time in Salem was a troubling time, making it seem likely that satan was active (Linder). The townsfolk are believed to haveRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials The witch trials of the late 1600s were full of controversy and uncertainty. The Puritan town of Salem was home to most of these trials, and became the center of much attention in 1692. More than a hundred innocent people were found guilty of practicing witchcraft during these times, and our American government forced over a dozen to pay with their lives. The main reasons why the witch trials occurred were conflicts dealing with politics, religion, family, economicsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials, taking place between February 1692 and May 1693, arose from a period of mass hysteria regarding witchcraft. The puritanical society of New England emphasized a need for a Bible-based society, which caused a fear of the supernatural and gave rise to the false accusations of â€Å"witches.† With testimonies of witches rooted in the Old Testament, the idea of witchcraft eventually made its way into the superstitious and everyday Puritan life, and was fueled by the rejection of theRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pageswomen and men. The madness continued for over four months. The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the peopleRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages1692 marked a major event in history in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witchcraft Trials still leaves this country with so many questions as to what happened in that small town. With all the documentation and accounts of the story, people are still wondering why 19 people died as a result of these trials. This paper will discuss the events leading up to the Salem Witch Trials and the events that took place during and after the trials, and the men and women who were killed or spent theRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesBefore 1692, the supernatural was a part of people’s everyday normal life. This is so as people strongly believed that Satan was present and active on earth. Men and women in Salem Village believed that all the misfortunes that befell them were the work of the devil. For example, when things like infant death, crop failures or friction among the congregation occurred, people were quick to blame the supernatural. This concept first emerged in Europe around the fifteenth century and then spread toRead More Salem Witch Trials Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials was probably considered the darkest time for the New England Colony. This was a mass murder of women and a few men that were supposed witches. All of this started from two little girls and a bacteria in the bread that affected the brain. This all started on January 20,1692 when nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams started to exhibit strange behavior. Blasphemous screaming, Seizures, Trance-like states and Mysterious

The European Revolution Of 1848 - 1543 Words

The European Revolution of 1848 was one of the biggest moments in European history. There were many aspects that led to the 1848 revolution. The revolution impacted many people in Europe and even other countries. Many great men were involved in this big part of European history. There are many different topics to discuss such as why was the revolution started, who was involved, and how it affected the European people, government, and even other countries. There were numerous reasons for the European Revolution. One can assume that having a revolution in a Country can be expensive and can cause the people of the Country issues. Usually when the people of a country get fed up with the government that’s supposed to stand up for their rights, but don’t to the point where the people of that country can t tolerate it any longer. A Revolution is started to make changes. There were three main reasons for the European Revolution of 1848, first because the food prices went up and the wages stayed the same. There was also a high unemployment rate. One can assume, by looking at how economies are today, if prices are skyrocketing and the minimum wage is staying the same then people can’t provide food for their families, which can be a big problem in a Country, not being able to provide for your family is a very unnerving feeling so it is understandable as to why that was one of the reasons for the European Revolution. The se cond Reason for the revolution was because of the BanquetShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nationalism and Liberalism 1368 Words   |  6 PagesOften called â€Å"the People’s Spring†, the Revolutions of 1848 marked a time of political and social turmoil widespread across the European continent. It is during this time we see monarchies overthrown, the formation of new countries, and â€Å"radical ideologies† such as Nationalism, and Liberalism become the beliefs of the middle-class. The populations of European countries were growing at a rate never seen before. The masses started becoming agitated with the current monarchial system of governmentRead More Economy and Society in Europe During 1848 Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesEconomy and Society in Europe During 1848 The revolutionary year of 1848 was an extraordinary period in which popular disturbances brought down the government of many countries. The revolts were very widespread, seriously affecting about fifty countries in Europe.1 It ranged from an enormous area, ranging from the Atlantic to the Ukraine, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean. Factors that contributed to these revolts included: the potato crop had been destroyed, food riots broke out, and financialRead More The Revolutions of 1848 Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolutions of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848 have been described as the â€Å"greatest revolution of the century†1. From its mild beginnings in Palermo, Sicily in January 1848, it did not take long to spread across the rest of Europe (Britain and Russia were the only countries not to experience such revolutions). â€Å"In 1848 more states on the European continent were overcome by revolution than ever before and ever since†2. The Revolutions became more radical but after June 1848 these revolutionaryRead MoreEssay about The Revolutions of 18481045 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolution of 1848 encompassed many of the European countries. The revolutions sweeping across Europe included Germany, Italy, and France, excluding Russia and England. Many historians refer to the year of 1848 as, â€Å"The Year of Revolutions†, because of how the revolts spread throughout Europe. The question is which political groups were the influence behind this revolution and what were the causes of the revo lution. The revolution united many diverse groups of people; they were able to put asideRead MoreThe Role of Ideology in the Revolutions of 1848 Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Ideology in the Revolutions of 1848 Year 1848 is described as â€Å"mad year† – mad with fight for freedom. Already its first months, in almost all parts of Europe, brought explosion of aims and aspirations, which were accumulated during the after-congress period. Revolutionary movements spread throughout the whole Europe, apart from Russia, where the system of serfdom did not allow any revolts, and Great Britain, where the reforms were carried out in non-revolutionaryRead MoreThe Age Of Revolution And The European Revolution1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of revolution was a powerful dynamic age in the European politics and the European Society that started in 1789 and ended in 1848. During this era, radical citizens and reforming governments in Europe changed the existing laws and the ruling structure in a way that created the forms of the existing modern Europe states. The age was very revolutionary as it gave the introduction to new systems within Europe. The era was both an age of destruction as well as a catalyst for growth. Also, theRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The French Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pagesat a disadvantage. The revolution started in urban areas so citizens living in rural areas were unaware about the reasons for revolting. Common people had traditional views and customs so they were indifferent about a revolution. The revolution failed to recognize their goals, lacked support, wea k military, and division between social classes. In the Class Struggles in France, by Karl Marx, in his own words, explains his reasonings as to why the French Revolution of 1848 failed. Marx focuses onRead MoreThe Importance Of The French Revolution777 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution was certainly one of the most important events in Europe’s political history and highlighted the importance of the new age of Enlightenment. The outcomes of the Revolution were many: its short comings led to the rise of the Napoleonic Regime and Robespierre’s reign through terror led other European revolutionaries to step back in fear. However, whilst the revolution failed to achieve all it had aimed to do; it did overthrow its monarchy, creating the first true European RepublicRead MoreMarx s The Marxist Theory Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthe revolution of 1848 and its consequences, discussing several ideas such as â€Å"the appropriation by society of the means of production,† the shift from violent revolutions to m ore pacific ones, and the importance of universal suffrage in achieving social reconstruction (12). And by social reconstruction, Engels means the transfer of the means of production from the epoch’s emergent and powerful bourgeoisie to the disadvantaged proletariat. He explains that all social revolutions in European historyRead MoreDiscuss How Nationalism Spread Across Europe with Napoleon but Was Repressed for a Generation Under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe Until the Revolutions of 1848876 Words   |  4 PagesIt held the belief that one should be loyal to the people of their nation, not a king or empire. Nationalists believed that people of a single nationality should unite under a single government. The concept of Nationalism emerged in the French Revolution and was spread to the rest of Europe by Napoleon’s conquests. Nationalism was used by Napoleon to make France a great power in Europe. Nationalism helped France to develop a national language which was taught in schools to replace local dialects

Is America Considered An Exceptional Nation - 2037 Words

Is America Considered an Exceptional Nation? A Review of the Literature In the western sense of the world, most would agree that the United States is undoubtedly an exceptional nation. Yet, there continues to be debate over the idea of American exceptionalism as each individual has their own opinions on the expression. The theory of exceptionalism dates back to Alexis De Tocqueville, a French political thinker who described the country as quite exceptional and believed no democratic individuals will ever be placed in a similar one (De Tocqueville, 1835). According to Webster’s dictionary, exceptionalism is described as the perception that a country, society, institution, movement, or time period that is exceptional in some way that does not need to conform to normal rules or general principles and is regarded as giving it a special role in history or world affairs. This paper focuses on the arguments of Harold Koh who believes that American exceptionalism has both good and bad sides, whereas, Ted Bromund asserts that exceptionalism is a set of pur e virtues. I believe there is good reason why many Americans consider the United States an exceptional nation and I agree with Bromund’s arguments based on similar beliefs and perceptions of exceptionalism. Harold Koh was a Professor of International Law at Yale Law School who had the opportunity to view American exceptionalism from two different perspectives; first, as the eyes of a human rights scholar, and second, as a USShow MoreRelatedAmerican Exceptionalism And The United States Of America Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world, many people consider our country, The United States of America, to be outstanding and a great country. Others do not think the same. This concept is known as American exceptionalism. This concept has been debated for many years, and to this day it still is. Although American exceptionalism can be hard to define, there are many ways to define it. Some say that we are exceptional because we are superior to everybody else and are better. Others say that God has given us the power toRead MoreThe Success Of The American Dream942 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"American Dream† is considered as an ideal term and has many interpretatio ns. But basically â€Å"American Dream† is defined as the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of the people living in America. Lots of people immigrate to America in search of â€Å"American Dream†. They come in America to fulfil their â€Å"American Dream† which is composed of freedom, security and most importantly, opportunities. America is considered as the land of opportunities and the large availability of the opportunitiesRead MoreA Brief Look at American Exceptionalism1085 Words   |  4 Pages\Throughout the 20th century, the United States has built and maintained hegemonic superpower status. Since its birth, America has transformed from a limited constitutional republic based on protecting and respecting individual rights, to a modern day empire based on majority rule, seeking to dictate to the rest of the world. The testament of history is that empires do not and cannot last indefinitely. The graveyard of empires is littered with great power s who did not understand this very factRead MoreTeam America: World Police1682 Words   |  7 PagesIn the aftermath of World War II, every nation of the world emerged mentally and, in some cases, physically altered. The physical affects of the Second World War spanning from Pearl Harbor to the battleground that made up most of Western Europe to Nagasaki and Hiroshima are visual pictures engrained in the minds of all, past and present, but the American ideology that these destructive images helped to give rise to would directly shape American domestic and foreign policy for approximately the nextRead MoreGatt Trade : The World s Overall Trading Trade1009 Words   |  5 Pagesof starting point The WTO was considered out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT, which was set up in 1947. A movement of trade courses of action, GATT rounds headed toward the end of World War II and were away to diminish obligations for the help of overall trade on stock. The technique for thinking for GATT relied on upon the Most Favored Nation MFN proclamation, which, when doled out to one country by another, gives the picked country exceptional trading rights. The WTO supplantedRead MoreSimon Bolivar And George Washington843 Words   |  4 PagesContinent Simon Bolivar and George Washington were two heroes that were born in the new continent. They had special military abilities and exceptional intelligence. They had won their place in history for being the biggest liberators of our continent. Bolivar the father of the countries that he liberates and Washington is the father of United States of America. Both had an aristocrat family and a good education, but they fought against oppression and against the Spanish and British Empires. SimonRead MorePolitical Culture Of The United States1513 Words   |  7 Pagesabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.  (Lovett, 2013 )† It is on this basis that the citizens of America are able to keep their government accountable and in check of its actions and ensures America is a state for the people by the people themselves. The federal government’s perception of offensive speech has evolved over the years, for instance, Manet’s Olympia art masterpiece was considered offensive in the Nineteenth Century but in present day it is regarded as a piece of great value and realRead MoreImmigration : An Influential Aspect Of American History1172 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginnings of the nation in the seventeenth century to the present day, millions of people, from a variety of different and distinct nations and cultures, made the great journey to the United States to pursue greater economic and social opportunities. Immigration has been an influential aspect of American history. These immigrants have enhanced and contributed greatly to the fabric and the story of America. They have brought with them diversity and aspects of their cultures that made America the great meltingRead MoreWhat Caused The Rise Of Protesters Throughout The 1960s? Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1960s in the United States of America was an era of protests. Americans from the 1960s era experienced social changes that caused Americans to revolt of the Establishment of the 1950s. Racial discrimination, gender equality, and poverty are certain specific of the problems that Americans sought the need to identify of what caused the rise of protesters throughout the 1960s. The youth generation from the era â€Å"baby boomers† were the causes for the determination for the 1960s. The parents of theRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase By Thomas Jefferson1129 Words   |  5 Pagesendeavor of the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase is highly regarded as the gre atest achievement of American expansion since the establishment of the country. This transaction between France and America gave the necessary requirements to recover and even advance the weak U.S. economy. America paid France $15 million for an estimated 800,000 acres of land; making this the largest land deal in history. Despite the many advantages that the Louisiana Purchase had to offer, Thomas Jefferson, the

Andy Warhol free essay sample

American painter, printmaker, photographer, filmmaker, writer, publisher, commercial artist, and illustrator who first gained recognition with his imaginative advertising designs for elite clients such as Tiffany Company, retailer Henri Bendel, and I. Miller shoes. Warhol ultimately became one of the most famous figures of the 20th century, renowned as much for the persona he created as for his multiple original silk-screen images of common supermarket products, front-page news events, and celebrity icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Jacqueline Kennedy, Elvis Presley, Marlon Brando, and Elizabeth Taylor. Mitchell,2-3) However, there were many critics who did not believe that what Warhol did was art. Some were rather confused and outraged, and questioning whether or not pictures of Campbell’s soup can, Brillo boxes, comic strip characters, was art. When Andy Warhols works first showed up in galleries in the early 1960s people were irritated, because people thought of art as Picasso or Van Gough, and they had not explored the world modern art. But others found his paintings amusing and meaningful. Because Warhol glorified popular culture with realistic depictions of everyday objects, his work was called pop art. (Grolier Online)In this paper I will argue that as time progresses, people like Andy Warhol are a necessity to our society so that we can open our eyes to something we have never seen before, no matter how the media critiques it. Andy Warhol did just that, and that is why he is a major icon of pop art/culture. Andy Warhol was born Andrew Warhola, a son of Slovakian immigrants, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. He was a weak child, and inflexible fever left him with the pale, blemished skin that, along with the shaggy white wigs he wore to hide his thinning hair, contributed to his distinctive looks. If you ever look at images of Andy Warhol, it is very clear that he was very different and that he had something unique about himself. His illnesses sometime forced him to be bed-ridden, and also made him an outcast in school, and created a very strong with his mother. When in bed he used to draw, listen to the radio and collect pictures of movie stars around his bed. After showing an early sign of artistic ability, he attended the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh to study commercial art. After graduating in 1949, he moved to New York City, where his success as a ommercial artist was immediate. In the 1950’s, he fame developed for his whimsical ink drawings of shoe advertisements. Andy Warhols first New York solo pop art exhibition was hosted at Eleanor Wards Stable Gallery November 6–24, 1962. The exhibit included the works Marilyn Diptych, 100 Soup Cans, 100 Coke Bottles and 100 Dollar Bills. His work became popular, and the more attention that he got, the more controversial his works became. (Mitchell 2-3) Art historians, even today, still dispute the significance of the Warhol legacy. For example in 1995, Warhol was issued in a poll which asked who were the most over or under rated artists of the century. Andrew ? Graham-Dixon, chief art critic for The Independent, London, irritably says that the attention Warhol receives is exaggerated far past his importance: I dont ? know why I keep hearing about Warhol shows. We dont need forty exhibitions ? explaining what he did. . . if you cant see it, youre dumb, where as Mark Stevens, another art critic, also adds that Warhol was the most over and underrated artist of the century. Graham-Dixons irritation and Stevens doubt represent ideas that ? control the criticism of Warhol. The enormous opposing array of ? criticism show that Warhols artistic statement struck a ? nerve, raised appealing issues that still shock the historians/art critics, and clearly shows what kind of an important role Warhol played in art history. (Pratt xviii) â€Å"Public fascination with Warhol revolved around two questions: Why is he doing this? And how is he getting away with it? † (Harron) Warhol’s work on the soup cans portrayed everything that was trashy and overexposed in American life. By bringing the supermarket into the art gallery, pop art rejected all main values about what was good or bad, beautiful or ugly, art or non-art. The public perceived him, in a way, as a hustler. And in a way, he was. He manipulated the media and put it into his work as a statement. This completely depicted the whole idea of modern/contemporary art. That’s all Warhol was trying to show. â€Å"Whats great about this country is that America started the tradition where? the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-Cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too. A Coke is a Coke and no amount of money can get you a better coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the cokes are the same and all the cokes are good. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it, and you know it. † (Mitchell,3) This quote describes his character, attitude, and how he knew what to say so that his work was illustrated in the positive direction. In 1964, Warhol held an exhibit called â€Å" the American Supermarket,† which had everything from produce goods to canned goods, basically everything you can see at a deli. At that time his painting was going for $1,500. This exhibit was of the first mass events, which raised a question of what is art? and what is not art? The fact that people, aside from critics, took him into consideration was absolutely phenomenal. People were fascinated, not just by the fact that he had people’s attention to repeat pictures of a soup can, but because of the fact that he had the idea to create repetition into a form of art. Aside from critics, there were people who were not so simple-minded and saw what Warhol was trying to do and saw it as a form of art. People were drawn to his attitude. He would say things like, In the future everyone will be famous for 15 minutes. Business is the best art. I love Hollywood. Its plastic, but I love plastic. I want to be plastic. Were a vacuum here at the Factory. I think its great. (Mitchell, 5) â€Å"The Factory† was his art studio in New York City, where he was trying to increase productivity on factory art and silkscreen paintings. This showed that pop art was all about fun. By the end of the decade, the drug-crazed Factory scene, with its cast of misfits, bred disaster. In 1968 Valerie Solanis, a deranged writer, stepped off the elevator and shot Warhol. Warhol never entirely recovered from the life-threatening wounds, and at the Factory he no longer tolerated carefree 1960s eccentricities. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s Warhol devoted himself to â€Å"Interview†, the celebrity magazine he founded; to writing (The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again, 1975); and to commission society portraits based on Polaroid photographs. Although there was talk of a decline in his work of this period, his prolific output was still punctuated by adventuresome experimentation as seen in his Oxidation Paintings of the late 1970s, works of strange, ethereal beauty made by urinating on copper-paint-coated canvas. (5-6) By this time he was not just a celebrity or artist, he was household name. Andy Warhol had passed away on February 22, 1987, in New York City, because of complication after surgery. (Mitchell,5-5) No matter what critics have to say, he is still remembered and looked upon, even 20 years after his death. Andy Warhol had created a world of modern art, something people have never seen before. In recent news, his painting of the Campbell’s soup was sold for $100 million. Over achievement is an understatement, because painters like Picasso were amongst the only artists to ever sell a painting for $100 million. Twenty years after his death, we still commemorate his artistic talent and great ability to show us something that others would be afraid to express. Two museums are dedicated to Warhol. The Andy Warhol Museum, one of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. It is the largest American art museum dedicated to a single artist, holding more than 12,000 works by the artist. (Mitchell, 6) Largely, Andy Warhol was an innovator, a liberator, and to most, an absolute genius. It was clear that critics such as Graham-Dixon, were highly mistaken, because Warhol exhibits were on high demand, and now his work is being sold for millions of dollars. Andy Warhol will for ever stay legacy because he opened up many doors for future generations and allowed artists to be who ever they want to be. One phenomenon that is a majorly inspired by Warhol is Lady GaGa, who is very open about her love for Warhol. She’s successful because she does what she wants, and critics will never stop her.

Developing Theory for Organizational Practice

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping Theory for Organizational Practice. Answer: Introduction The current report revolves around the organizational behavior. The organizational behavior is one of the significant aspects affecting the business. The organizational behavior could highly affect the organizational performance. As mentioned by Hogg and Terry (2014), organizational behavior can also be considered as the social system; thus, it is important to figure out how the elements of organizational behavior work. It is also been identified that organizational behavior is a particular field of study, which examines the influence that individuals, group and the structure of the firm have on a behavior in the organization (DiPaola, Tschannen-Moran, 2014). It is also a set of knowledge that can be applied to identify how individuals or the entire structure acts within the company. Thus, it can be mentioned that effective organizational behavior lead to the growth and success. Many studied have been performed on organizational behavior to understand how effectively elements of organizational behavior can be applied to gain success. However, hardly any research highlights the significant aspects of organizational behavior that affect the organizational performance. The aim of report is to understand the aspects involved in organizational behavior and their appropriate application. The report provides an insight about how effective organizational behavior is required to gain success. Therefore, in order to understand the aspects of organizational behavior and its implementation, the current report considers organizational environment of XYZ consultant. The case study indicates that XYZ is a medium size organization, which offers the management training as well as the leadership development services in Malaysia. Applying employee engagement theory to find out and discuss the motivational elements existing in old environment of XYZ consultant Need satisfying approach of Kahn Among many influential studies of engagement, most influential employee-satisfying approach developed by Kahn (1990) provides an insight about how the employee performance can be influenced by satisfying the needs of the employees. According to the principles mentioned Kahns model three different aspects such as meaningfulness, safety and the availability significantly associated with engagement (Strom, Sears Kelly, 2014). The model provides the idea that job enrichment as well as role fit to become the significant predictors of meaningfulness(He, Zhu Zheng, 2014). Likewise, the relation between the co-workers and supervisor is also the positive predictors of the safety. In this context, Haslam, van Knippenberg, Platow and Ellemers (2014) commented that rewarding or providing the employee appraisal can be treated as the positive predictors of the safety. In addition, it has also been identified that adherence to workers norms as well as the self-consciousness are treated as the neg ative predictors. On the contrary, the resource is also considered as the positive indicators. The old environment of XYZ consultant is provides necessary benefits to the employees, which in turn influence the employee performance. The employees at XYZ consultant have worked under an open management system, where the employees have the opportunity to discuss directly to the manager of the organization. Therefore, the work-related issues encountered by the workers have been resolved very easily. Thereby, the availability of this opportunity is related to the aspect of meaningfulness. In addition, the old environment of XYZ consultant, under the supervision of Tim, provides employee appraisal benefits, which motivates the employees to perform effectively. This behavior is related to the aspect of safety. In addition, due to the open management system at XYZ, the employees and the manager Tim formed a good relationship, which is a positive indicator of employee engagement approach. The case study also in dicates that due to work scheduled have been designed after discussing with the staff of the company. This indicates a sense of security provided by XYZ to its employees. This is also a positive predictor of safety. Elements that were removed in the new environment under Fionas leadership Some changes have been observed when Tim hands over his role as managing director to Fiona. The case study indicates that Fiona would follow the principles of autocratic leadership style, where the opinions or the views of the employees are hardly considered. Fiona implemented some changes in the organization such as removing employee appraisal system. Fiona decided to withdraw the performance bonus system as well as the merit pay benefits. In addition, Fiona removed the open management system, which was developed by Tim at XYZ consultant. It has also been observed that Fiona restructured the organization by creating three different departments based on the training provided. This means each of the department consists of one HoD. Fiona would not interact with the staff and she would not attend any meeting with the employees. She would held the meeting with the HoDs only once in a week. This approach shows that employee opinions are not considered in the managerial approach. Likewise, the principles of autocratic leadership style are similar to the approach implemented by Fiona at XYZ Consultant. Explaining the training and consultants behavior highlighting on organizational justice and equity theory Organizational justice implies the perception of the employees of justice and fairness in the workplace. Hence, the employee perception can be further divided into four different categories such as the distributive, procedural, informational as well as the interactional. As mentioned by Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor (2014), distributive justice focuses on employees concern of the fairness of outcome, which they receive at the workplace. One of the common and biggest issues associated with the employee productivity or the performance is when they feel that their organization lacks fairness (Haslam, van Knippenberg, Platow Ellemers, 2014). Changes at XYZ indicate that removing employee appraisal system and incentive is negatively affecting the perception of the employees. This results in increased workloads and high turnover. After taking the responsibility from Tim, Fiona withdrew all employee benefits such as merit pay, incentives. Therefore, the employees in the organizations had to deal with the stress at the work. On the contrary, procedural process provides an insight regarding how the employees consider the fairness techniques of the outcome that are determined. For example, after the reconstruction of the structure at XYZ consultant, most of the employees had to go through immense work pressure. The organization would not do the justice with the workers as the work schedules were not discussed with the employees designing the schedule. In addition, interactional justice refers to the explanations that are communicated and the faire treatment of sensitivity towards the workers in the organization. It is observe that employees at XYZ consultant were not satisfied with the approach implemented after the reconstruction of the organizational structure. Different departments of activities were developed because of this approach; the consultants are usually not authorized to meet the managing director. Moreover, the issues related to employee productivity remained unresolved. Equity theory The organization needs to consider Equity theory factors while striving to develop employees performance and job satisfaction and the level of motivation (Jacobs, Belschak, Den Hartog, 2014). Thus, in order to conduct this, the organization needs to keep the balance that exists between workers inputs as well as outputs. Inputs may exist in the form of effort, loyalty, skills, ability, flexibility, determination (Lazaroiu, 2015). On the contrary, the output may involve the financial benefits and rewards, intangible benefits, recognition, reputation, responsibility and sense the achievement. However, after the reconstruction at XYZ consultant, all outputs or necessary benefits for the employees were taken off, which largely affect employee productivity. Conclusion Lastly, it can be mentioned that effective organizational behavior play an important role in developing organizational performance. Hence, the organization needs to focus on some influential factors associated with the organizational behavior. By cutting down the benefits, the company may not be able to receive the inputs from the employees. In addition, the company also needs to emphasize on the approaches involved in motivating the employees. Reference List: DiPaola, M., Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate.Journal of School Leadership,11(5), 424. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N. (2014). 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